Bonus:
We can create more pleasant sounds from the buzzer. Let's start by restricting the notes to two octaves--the one below middle C and the one above middle C. Tinkercad has a block that will send a tone value to the buzzer.
Here is a block code to play a scale:
Challenge
1. We can play actual tunes on the buzzer.
Here are example codes that play the same melody. The text you can copy and paste into Tinkercad. Can you make your own melody?
The beginning of the code defines frequencies of notes over several octaves. The label of each note is shown on this piano keyboard (graphic from (see https://johnloomis.org/ece561/notes/piano/piano.html):
If you are using block coding, the tone value is based on the numbers on the piano keys in the above picture. The code in listing #1 is an example. If you are using text coding, you need to give the actual frequency of the note, which is given in the #define statements in the code in Listing #2. If you use Listing 1, make sure you use the correct pin for the speaker.
3. Listing 2 does not continuously repeat the melody. What is the difference between listing 1 and listing 2?
Listing 1
Listing 2
/* Melody
Plays a melody
circuit:
- 8 ohm speaker on digital pin 8
created 21 Jan 2010
modified 30 Aug 2011
by Tom Igoe
This example code is in the public domain.
http://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/Tone
*/
#define NOTE_A2 110
#define NOTE_AS2 117
#define NOTE_B2 123
#define NOTE_C3 131
#define NOTE_CS3 139
#define NOTE_D3 147
#define NOTE_DS3 156
#define NOTE_E3 165
#define NOTE_F3 175
#define NOTE_FS3 185
#define NOTE_G3 196
#define NOTE_GS3 208
#define NOTE_A3 220
#define NOTE_AS3 233
#define NOTE_B3 247
#define NOTE_C4 262
#define NOTE_CS4 277
#define NOTE_D4 294
#define NOTE_DS4 311
#define NOTE_E4 330
#define NOTE_F4 349
#define NOTE_FS4 370
#define NOTE_G4 392
#define NOTE_GS4 415
#define NOTE_A4 440
#define NOTE_AS4 466
#define NOTE_B4 494
#define NOTE_C5 523
#define NOTE_CS5 554
#define NOTE_D5 587
#define NOTE_DS5 622
#define NOTE_E5 659
#define NOTE_F5 698
#define NOTE_FS5 740
#define NOTE_G5 784
#define NOTE_GS5 831
#define NOTE_A5 880
#define NOTE_AS5 932
#define NOTE_B5 988
#define NOTE_C6 1047
#define NOTE_CS6 1109
#define NOTE_D6 1175
#define NOTE_DS6 1245
#define NOTE_E6 1319
#define NOTE_F6 1397
#define NOTE_FS6 1480
#define NOTE_G6 1568
#define NOTE_GS6 1661
#define NOTE_A6 1760
#define NOTE_AS6 1865
#define NOTE_B6 1976
// note duration
#define HALF 1000/2
#define WHOLE 1000
#define QUARTER 1000/4
#define EIGHTH 1000/8
#define BUZZER_PIN 7
void setup() {
tone(BUZZER_PIN,NOTE_C4,QUARTER);
delay(QUARTER*1.3);
tone(BUZZER_PIN,NOTE_G3,EIGHTH);
delay(EIGHTH*1.3);
tone(BUZZER_PIN,NOTE_G3,EIGHTH);
delay(EIGHTH*1.3);
tone(BUZZER_PIN,NOTE_A3,QUARTER);
delay(QUARTER*1.3);
tone(BUZZER_PIN,NOTE_G3,QUARTER);
delay(QUARTER*1.3);
tone(BUZZER_PIN,0,QUARTER); // 0 for rest
delay(QUARTER*1.3);;
tone(BUZZER_PIN,NOTE_B3,QUARTER);
delay(QUARTER*1.3);
tone(BUZZER_PIN,NOTE_C4,QUARTER);
delay(QUARTER*1.3);
// stop the tone playing:
noTone(8);
}
void loop() {
// no need to repeat the melody.
}